water and lithium batteries

Water And Lithium Batteries - Researchers at the University of Maryland and the US Army Research Laboratory first developed a lithium-ion battery that uses an aqueous saline solution as the electrolyte and reaches the 4.0 volt mark required for home electronic devices, like laptop computers, without the fire and explosion hazards associated with some commercially available non-aqueous lithium-ion batteries. His work appears September 6 in Joule.

"In the past, if you wanted high power, you'd choose a non-aqueous lithium-ion battery, but you'll have to compromise on safety. If you prefer safety, you can use an aqueous battery like nickel-metal hydride," says co-author Kang Xu. , Laboratory Fellow at the Research Lab. US Army Materials Science and Electrochemistry Specialist: "Now, we're showing that you can go high power and high safety at the same time."

Water And Lithium Batteries

The research follows a 2015 study published in Science that produced a similar 3.0-volt battery with aqueous electrolyte, but was prevented from reaching a higher voltage through a so-called "cathode challenge," in which one end of the battery is made of graphite or lithium. Metal, decomposed by aqueous electrolyte. To solve this problem and make the jump from three to four volts, the first author, University of Maryland assistant research scientist Chongjin Yang, designed a new polymer gel electrolyte coating that could be applied to a graphite or lithium anode. .

Marine Lithium Batteries

The video shows how the interface water in the GPE salt exhibits very low reactivity with lithium metal. Credit: Yang et al.

This hydrophobic layer repels water molecules from the vicinity of the electrode surface and then, on first charging, breaks down, forming a stable interface, a thin mixture of breakdown products that separates the solid anode from the liquid electrolyte. This interface, inspired by a layer created within aqueous batteries, protects the anode from debilitating side reactions, allowing the battery to use desirable anode materials, such as graphite or lithium metal, and achieve better energy density and cycle capacity.

Says co-senior author Chunsheng Wang, a professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at the University of Maryland A. James Clark School of Engineering.

The addition of the gel coating also improves the safety characteristics of the new battery compared to standard non-aqueous lithium ion batteries and improves energy density compared to any other proposed aqueous ion lithium ion battery. All aqueous lithium-ion batteries benefit from the flammability of a water-based electrolyte instead of the highly flammable organic solvents used in their non-aqueous counterparts. What is unique about this, however, is that even if the interface layer is damaged (if the battery casing is punctured, for example), it reacts slowly with the lithium or lithium-graphite anode, preventing it from forming. produce smoke, fire, or explosions that could Otherwise, this occurs if a damaged battery brings metal into direct contact with the electrolyte.

Eemb Er14335 Lithium Battery 3.6v 2/3aa Battery 1650mah Cell Batteries For Gps Water/gas Meter

This video shows how a 4 volt lithium ion water battery maintains its voltage when repeatedly pierced with a screw and no fire, smoke or explosion occurs. This is in contrast to the instantaneous short circuit and explosion risk of a similar non-aqueous battery. Credit: Yang et al.

Although the new battery's power and energy density are adequate for commercial applications currently powered by more serious non-aqueous batteries, some improvements will make them more competitive. In particular, the researchers want to increase the number of full performance cycles the battery can complete and reduce material expenses where possible. "Currently, we're talking about 50 to 100 cycles, but compared to organic electrolyte batteries, we want to get to 500 or more," says Wang.

The researchers also point out that the electrochemical manipulations behind the jump to four volts are important in battery technology and beyond. "This is the first time we have been able to stabilize reactive anodes such as graphite and lithium in aqueous media," Xu says. "This opens a wide window into many different topics in electrochemistry, including sodium ion batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, polyion chemistry involving zinc and magnesium, or even electroplating and electrochemical synthesis - not yet the We've fully explored it."

Quote: Water-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries Without Explosion Hazards Become Reality (September 6, 2017) Accessed January 28, 2023 at https:///news/2017-09-water-based-lithium -ion-batteries-explosive- Reality .programming language

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This site uses cookies to help with navigation, analyze your use of our Services, and collect data to personalize ads and serve third-party content. By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. Adelphi, Maryland — Researchers at the US Research Laboratory and the University of Maryland have developed for the first time a lithium-ion battery that uses an aqueous saline solution as the electrolyte and reaches the 4.0-volt mark needed for devices household electronics, such as laptop computers, without the fire and explosion hazards associated with some commercially available non-aqueous lithium-ion batteries.

This technology will provide soldiers with "a completely safe and flexible lithium-ion battery that offers energy density comparable to SOA lithium-ion batteries. The batteries will remain safe, without fire or explosion, even under severe mechanical abuse." said the co-senior author. Dr. Kang Xu, ARL Fellow in Chemistry Electrical and Materials Science.

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"In the past, if you wanted high power, you would choose a non-aqueous lithium-ion battery, but you would have to compromise on safety. If you preferred safety, you could use an aqueous battery like nickel/metal hydride, but you would have to settle for less capacity. Xu said. "Now, we show that you can have access to high energy and high security at the same time."

The research follows a 2015 study published in Science that produced a similar 3.0-volt battery with an aqueous electrolyte, but was unable to achieve a higher voltage due to so-called "cathode challenge," in which one end of the battery is made of graphite or lithium metal, broken down by the aqueous electrolyte. To solve this problem and make the jump from three to four volts, the first author, University of Maryland assistant research scientist Chongjin Yang, designed a new polymer gel electrolyte coating that could be applied to a graphite or lithium anode. .

This waterproof coating repels water molecules from the vicinity of the electrode surface and then, when first charged, degrades to form a stable interface, a thin mixture of decomposition products that separates the solid anode from the electrolyte. liquid. This interface, inspired by a layer created inside aqueous batteries, protects the anode from exhausting side reactions. This allows the battery to use desirable anode materials, such as graphite or lithium metal, and achieve better energy density and cycling capacity.

"The key innovation here is to make a suitable gel that can prevent the contact of water with the anode so that the water does not decompose, and can also form the proper interface to support the high performance of the battery," said co-lead author Chunsheng Wang. . , Professor of Applied Sciences. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Maryland A. James Clark School of Engineering.

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The addition of the gel coating also improves the safety characteristics of the new battery compared to standard non-aqueous lithium ion batteries and improves energy density compared to any other proposed aqueous ion lithium ion battery. All aqueous lithium-ion batteries benefit from the non-flammability of water-based electrolytes in contrast to the highly flammable organic solvents used in their non-aqueous counterparts.

However, the unique feature of this battery is that even if the interface layer is damaged (if the battery casing is perforated, for example), it reacts slowly with the lithium or lithium-graphite anode, preventing smoke from being produced. , fires, or explosions that can Otherwise occur if a damaged battery brings metal into direct contact with the electrolyte.

Although the new battery's power and energy density are adequate for commercial applications currently powered by more serious non-aqueous batteries, some improvements will make them even more dangerous.